Messok Dja

Last Updated
2024-10-02
Name of the Protected Area / Park / Reserve
Messok Dja Protected Area

Messok Dja is a proposed protected area that forms part of the Espace TRIDOM Interzone Congo (aka ETIC zone). [1]


[1] https://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/final_messok_dja_report_with_french_exec_sum.pdf

Country
Republic of the Congo
Status of the Protected Area
Under Consideration
Name(s) of the Impacted Indigenous People(s) / Community / Villages
Baka
Name(s) of the Support Groups/NGOs and Contact Details

International NGOs in support of the Baka Indigenous Communities affected by the Messok Dja proposed protected area include:

Forest Peoples Programme

Survival International[1]

Rainforest Foundation[2]


Many Baka communities have penned and signed letters of grievance, which they requested Survival International to deliver to the backers of the proposed park. One letter reads, “If the park is established in our forest, it will be very serious. Instead of working with us, the park rangers have made us suffer so much: they beat us, they whip us with their belts. If that carries on, how will our children live? We are told that according to international law, before starting a project in our forest they need to ask for our consent. So we ask you to come here, listen to us, see our suffering, and make sure the law is respected.”[3]

Information about Involved Institutions

The WWF employs rangers within the Messok Dja region known as “eco-guards” whose main duties are conservation and poaching patrol. However, these rangers are repeatedly alleged to have engaged in brutal tactics involving torture and even murder.[1] 

Administrative Authority of the Protect Area / Park / Reserve and Contact Details

World Wildlife Fund, through its Gabon office. 

Email: wwfgab@wwfgab.org 

National Conservation / Environment Agency or Ministry in Charge of the Protect Area / Park / Reserve

The Republic Of The Congo - Ministry of Forest Economy

Website: https://economie-forestiere.gouv.cg/accueil/

Major Public and Private Donors
The World Wildlife Fund-WWF
The Global Environment Facility/UNDP
European Commission
The Global Environment Facility -GEF
Congolese Government
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USAID
Involved International Conservation NGOs, Foundations and Institutions
The World Wildlife Fund-WWF
Donor's Information

The $21.4m flagship Tridom 11 project in the Congo Basin was set up in 2017, with Messok Dja as the project’s centerpiece. It receives funding from the WWF, UNDP, the European Commission, the US and Congolese governments, and the Global Environment Facility. The TRIDOM Project’s total financing is $23,807,650, of which $4,125,250 is administered by the UNDP.[1]


Global Environment Facility – Approved in 2006, the ‘Conservation of Transboundary Biodiversity in the Minkebe-Odzala-Dja Interzone in Gabon, Congo, and Cameroon’ project co-financing total was $34,620,100.[2]


U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (through the African Elephant Conservation Fund) donated $2,742,911 in 2016 and $2,722,472 (2015). 


Agency for International Development, Development Assistance – Approx. $4.3 Million since 2015.[3]

Historical Background

Since 2010, WWF has been attempting to establish a new protected area, the Messok Dja protected area, situated on the territories inhabited by the Baka indigenous peoples, who lead a semi-mobile lifestyle as hunter-gatherers. The proposed protected area, spanning 1,456 km2 of forest land, has not yet been realized.


Around 8,000 people inhabit the proposed protected area. About 3-4% are Indigenous Ba’aka (But this is according to the WWF).[1]

Short description of the alleged violations

In 2011, park rangers working in the region were implicated in a series of incidents resulting in the tragic death of 10-year-old Christine Mayi.[1]


In 2017, a Congolese group voiced worries that conservation efforts had played a role in the passing of numerous Bayaka children during a 2016 epidemic. A medical specialist linked the deaths to malaria, pneumonia, and dysentery, worsened by profound malnutrition.[2]


The U.N. Development Programme’s investigation (06/04/2020) into the proposed Messok Dja National Park highlights the poor treatment of the Baka people. It covers the mistreatment of Baka and criticizes the disregard for human rights by Western countries, global organizations, and wildlife protection groups in central Africa. The team discovered Baka communities in a state of profound distress, with reports of numerous incidents including beatings, arson targeting homes, and guards coercing women into undressing. The report provides credible accounts of violence and intimidation by guards against the semi-nomadic Baka population in the Messok Dja region. According to the report, certain Baka individuals recounted being arrested, subjected to torture, and sexually assaulted. A woman disclosed that her husband suffered severe mistreatment in custody, resulting in his death shortly after being released. Notably, he was transported to the prison in a vehicle marked with the WWF emblem. Furthermore, the report highlights instances where other Baka were informed that they were prohibited from accessing sections of the forest where they historically hunted due to the establishment of a "park." The guards failed to differentiate between the Baka's traditional, subsistence-based hunting practices and unlawful wildlife poaching.[3]


This link contains YouTube testimonials by different Ba’aka individuals alleging gross human rights violations by the eco-guards

Categories of Human Rights Violations
Rights to land, territory and natural resources including access to means of subsistence, adequate food and adequate housing
Right to Consultation and Free and Prior Informed Consent
Cultural Rights
Before Violations Overlapping Extractive Activities or Industries in the Protected Area / Park / Reserve

Formally, two forestry concessions already intersect with the proposed area: the Jua-Ikié forest management unit (FMU) overseen by the Chinese-owned forestry company SEFYD (covering 924km2 of the proposed PA), and the Tala-Tala FMU managed by the Lebanese-owned forestry company SIFCO.[1]

National Court Decisions

Access to legal remedies for the Ba’aka and other Indigenous peoples in the region is limited due to various political and socio-economic factors.[1]

Latest Developments

In February 2020, WWF claimed to have launched an investigation into the allegations of violence against their employed eco-guards. However, after receiving complaints from the impacted Indigenous communities, the European Union (EU) opted to suspend a portion of its funding for Messok Dja in April 2020.[1]In 2024, Survival International launched a campaign directly supporting Baka communities impacted by fortress conservation in the Congo Basin, with the violations at Messok Dja highlighted.[2]